3C 279

Observation Date (UT)	Observation Lat
	ARGO-YBJ (30.11) ASTRI Mini-Array (28.3) CANGAROO (-31.10 ) CAT (42.50) Crimea (45) CTA pSCT (31.68) CTA South (-24.6272) Durham (-30.48) FACT (28.76) H.E.S.S. (-23.16) HAGAR (30) HAWC (19.0) HEGRA (28.76) LHAASO (29.358) LST-1 (28.76) MACE (32.78) MAGIC (28.76) Milagro (35.88 ) Potchefstroom (-26.9) TACTIC (24.6) TAIGA (103.07) Telescope Array (39.3) Tibet (30.11) VERITAS (31.68) Whipple (31.68)

Canonical Name:	3C 279
TeVCat Name:	TeV J1256-057
Other Names:
Source Type:	FSRQ
R.A.:	12 56 11.1 (hh mm ss)
Dec.:	-05 47 22 (dd mm ss)
Gal Long:	305.10 (deg)
Gal Lat:	57.06 (deg)
Distance:	z=0.5362
Flux:	(Crab Units)
Energy Threshold:	80 GeV
Spectral Index:	4.1
Extended:	No
Discovery Date:	2008-06
Discovered By:	MAGIC
TeVCat SubCat:	Default Catalog

Source Notes:

Source position and its uncertainty:
- no information available
- the source position provided by NED is used

Information on the jet:
From Lister et al. (2019):
- "The VLBA epochs in 2013-2014 are affected by the emergence of two
very bright features (> 10 Jy). The most consistent fits during
2014-2015 required fitting an upstream feature (id = 17) that could be
the true core that is only strong enough to be visible during these
epochs. The reference ’core’ position that we use in all of our fits
may thus be a strong quasi-stationary feature in the flow."


Seen by: MAGIC, H.E.S.S.

• Correlation between emission-line luminosity and gamma-ray dominance in the blazar 3C 279
  Dmytriiev, Anton et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2303.12672 (2023) [LINK]
  
• Locating the GeV emission region in the jets of blazars from months time-scale multiwavelength outbursts
  Barat, Saugata et al., MNRAS 515 p1655-1662 (2022) [LINK]
  
• Constraints on axionlike particles from a combined analysis of three flaring Fermi flat-spectrum radio quasars
  Davies, James et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2211.03414 (2022) [LINK]
  
• Monte-Carlo Applications for Partially Polarized Inverse External-Compton Scattering (MAPPIES) II -- Application to the UV/Soft X-ray Excess in Blazar Spectra
  Dreyer, Lente and Boettcher, Markus, arXiv e-prints parXiv:2102.00039 (2021) [LINK]
  
• Correlations between gamma-ray luminosity and magnetization of the jet as well as relativistic electron injection power:cases for Mrk 421, 3C 454.3 and 3C 279
  Hu, Wen et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2102.07328 (2021) [LINK]
  
• Long-term multi-wavelength variations of Fermi blazar 3C 279
  Zhang, Bing-Kai et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2103.11149 (2021) [LINK]
  
• Multiwavelength study of the quiescent states of six brightest flat-spectrum radio quasars detected by Fermi-LAT
  Roy, Abhradeep et al., MNRAS 504 p1103-1114 (2021) [LINK]
  
• Repeated pattern of gamma-ray flares in the lightcurve of the blazar 3C 279
  Blinov, D. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2105.09955 (2021) [LINK]
  
• Gamma-ray signatures from pair cascades in recombination-line radiation fields
  Wendel, Christoph et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2108.02649 (2021) [LINK]
  
• Time-dependent lepto-hadronic modeling of the emission from blazar jets with SOPRANO: the case of TXS 0506+056, 3HSP J095507.9+355101 and 3C 279
  Gasparyan, Sargis et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2110.01549 (2021) [LINK]
  
• Variability and Spectral Characteristics of Three Flaring Gamma-ray Quasars Observed by VERITAS and Fermi-LAT
  Adams, C.B. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2110.13181 (2021) [LINK]
  
• On the Origin of Gamma-ray Flares from Bright Fermi Blazars
  Paliya, Vaidehi S. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2111.04379 (2021) [LINK]
  
• A unified model for orphan and multi-wavelength blazar flares
  Wang, Ze-Rui et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2112.01739 (2021) [LINK]
  
• Multiwavelength variability power spectrum analysis of the blazars 3C 279 and PKS 1510-089 on multiple timescales
  Goyal, Arti et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2112.04194 (2021) [LINK]
  
• Dual-high-frequency VLBI study of blazar-jet brightness-temperature gradients and collimation profiles
  Burd, P.R. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2112.04403 (2021) [LINK]
  
• Radio astronomy locates the neutrino origin in bright blazars
  Plavin, A.V. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2112.09053 (2021) [LINK]
  
• Synchrotron Gamma-Ray Emission Model of the Giant Outburst of Quasar 3C 279 in 2015 June: Fast Reconnection or Stochastic Acceleration with Electromagnetic Cascade?
  Asano, Katsuaki and Hayashida, Masaaki, arXiv e-prints parXiv:2001.04649 (2020) [LINK]
  
• Broadband variability and correlation study of 3C 279 during flare of 2017-2018
  Prince, Raj, arXiv e-prints parXiv:2001.04493 (2020) [LINK]
  
• High-energy astrophysical neutrinos are produced in central parsec-scale regions of radio-bright active galaxies
  Plavin, A.V. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2001.00930 (2020) [LINK]
  
• Multiwavelength behaviour of the blazar 3C 279: decade-long study from gamma-ray to radio
  Larionov, V.M. et al., MNRAS p83 (2020) [LINK]
  
• On the Injection of Relativistic Electrons in the Jet of 3C 279
  Hu, Wen et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2001.08897 (2020) [LINK]
  
• Gamma-ray spectrometry in the cutoff region as a key for the understanding of radiation processes in 3C 279
  Zargaryan, Davit et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2001.08843 (2020) [LINK]
  
• Understanding the giant gamma-ray outburst on June 16, 2015 from the blazar 3C 279
  Singh, K.K. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2002.04965 (2020) [LINK]
  
• Constraining Einstein's Equivalence Principle With Multi-Wavelength Observations of Polarized Blazars
  Yi, Shuang-Xi et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2002.03316 (2020) [LINK]
  
• Gamma-ray and Optical properties of the flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 279 flare in June 2015
  Singh, K K et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2003.01999 (2020) [LINK]
  
• Diversity of gamma-ray and Radio Variabilities of Bright Blazars and Implications for gamma-ray Emission Location
  Zhang, Hai-Ming et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2003.11175 (2020) [LINK]
  
• Locating the gamma-ray emission region in the brightest Fermi-LAT Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars
  Acharyya, Atreya et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2011.01073 (2020) [LINK]
  
• A search for time-dependent astrophysical neutrino emission with IceCube data from 2012 to 2017
  IceCube Collaboration et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2012.01079 (2020) [LINK]
  
• Leptonic and Hadronic Radiative Processes in Supermassive-Black-Hole Jets
  Cerruti, Matteo, arXiv e-prints parXiv:2012.13302 (2020) [LINK]
  
• Broadband Modelling of Orphan Gamma Ray Flares
  Patel, S.R. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2012.10291 (2020) [LINK]
  
• Spectral Variability of the Blazar 3C 279 in the Optical to X-Ray Band during 2009-2018
  Yoo, Sungmin and An, Hongjun, ApJ 902 p2 (2020) [LINK]
  
• Blazar variability - expect the unexpected
  Zacharias, M., arXiv e-prints p (2019) [LINK]
  
• Spectral Variability Signatures of Relativistic Shocks in Blazars
  Boettcher, M. and Baring, M.G., arXiv e-prints p (2019) [LINK]
  
• Multiwavelength analysis of brightness variations of 3C 279: Probing the relativistic jet structure and its evolution
  Beaklini, Pedro P.B. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:1906.00773 (2019) [LINK]
  
• Constraints on the emission region of 3C 279 during strong flares in 2014 and 2015 through VHE gamma-ray observations with H.E.S.S
  H.E.S.S. Collaboration et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:1906.04996 (2019) [LINK]
  
• Is there a non-stationary gamma-ray emission zone 42 pc away from the 3C 279 core?
  Patino-Alvarez, Victor M. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:1907.08314 (2019) [LINK]
  
• Electron Acceleration In Blazars: Application to the 3C 279 Flare on 2013 December 20
  Lewis, Tiffany R. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:1909.04431 (2019) [LINK]
  
• Multiwavelength Variability Signatures of Relativistic Shocks in Blazar Jets
  Boettcher, Markus and Baring, Matthew G, arXiv e-prints parXiv:1911.02834 (2019) [LINK]
  
• News from the very-high-energy sky seen with H.E.S.S
  Zech, Andreas and H.E.S.S. Collaboration, arXiv e-prints parXiv:1910.08959 (2019) [LINK]
  
• Time-Dependent, Multi-Wavelength Shock Acceleration Models for Active Flares of 3C 279
  Baring, Matthew G. and Boettcher, Markus, arXiv e-prints parXiv:1912.12358 (2019) [LINK]
  
• Analyzing the December 2013 Orphan Gamma-Ray Flare From 3C 279
  Lewis, Tiffany R. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:1912.10260 (2019) [LINK]
  
• Observations of the FSRQ 3C 279 during the flaring state of 2017 and 2018 with H.E.S.S.
  Emery, G. et al., 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2019) 36 p668 (2019) [LINK]
  
• Optical Polarimetric and Multiwavelength Flaring Activity of Blazar 3C 279
  Fraija, N. et al., ApJS 245 p18 (2019) [LINK]
  
• Fermi LAT detection of strong GeV activity from the blazar 3C 279
  van Zyl, P. and Ojha, R., The Astronomer's Telegram 11189 p1 (2018) [LINK]
  
• REM observations of the gamma-ray flaring blazar 3C 279
  D'Ammando, F. et al., The Astronomer's Telegram 11190 p1 (2018) [LINK]
  
• H.E.S.S. detection of a strong VHE activity from the blazar 3C 279
  de Naurois, M. for the H.E.S.S. Collaboration, The Astronomer's Telegram 11239 p1 (2018) [LINK]
  
• DAMPE detection of a GeV gamma-ray flare from blazar 3C 279
  Xu, Z.L. et al. on behalf of the DAMPE collaboration, The Astronomer's Telegram 11246 p1 (2018) [LINK]
  
• The Bright gamma-ray Flare of 3C 279 in June 2015: AGILE Detection and Multifrequency Follow-up Observations
  Pittori, C. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2018) [LINK]
  
• Revealing the Nature of Blazar Radio Cores through Multi-Frequency Polarization Observations with the Korean VLBI Network
  Park, J. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2018) [LINK]
  
• High-resolution polarization imaging of the Fermi blazar 3C 279
  Rani, B. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2018) [LINK]
  
• Exploring the Connection between Parsec-scale Jet Activity and Broadband Outbursts in 3C 279
  Rani, B. et al., ApJ 858 p80 (2018) [LINK]
  
• Blazar Spectra with Hard-sphere-like Acceleration of Electrons
  Asano, K. and Hayashida, M., ArXiv e-prints p (2018) [LINK]
  
• H.E.S.S. and ATOM detection of renewed activity of the FSRQ 3C 279
  de Naurois, M. for the H.E.S.S. Collaboration, The Astronomer's Telegram 11680 p1 (2018) [LINK]
  
• Multiwavelength Photometric and Spectropolarimetric Analysis of the FSRQ 3C 279
  Patino-Alvarez, V.M. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2018) [LINK]
  
• Challenges in reconciling observations and theory of the brightest high-energy flare ever of 3C 279
  Bottacini et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2018) [LINK]
  
• X-ray spectral variability of blazars using principal component analysis
  Gallant, D. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2018) [LINK]
  
• Probing the Jets of Blazars Using the Temporal Symmetry of Their Multi-Wavelength Outbursts
  Roy, N. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2018) [LINK]
  
• Long-term optical monitoring of TeV emitting blazars. I. Data analysis
  Nilsson, K. et al., A&A 620 pA185 (2018) [LINK]
  
• Effects of Spatial Fluctuations in the Extra Galactic Background Light on Hard Gamma Ray Spectra
  Kudoda, A.M. and Faltenbacher, A., ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
  
• Core shift effect in blazars
  Agarwal, A. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
  
• The Future of Black Hole Astrophysics in the LIGO-VIRGO-LPF Era
  Blandford, R. and Anantua, R., ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
  
• Meeting the Challenge from Bright and Fast Gamma-Ray Flares of 3C 279
  Vittorini, V. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
  
• A Consolidated Framework of the Color Variability in Blazars: Long-Term Optical/Near-Infrared Observations of 3C 279
  Isler, J.C. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
  
• Observation of the extremely bright flare of the FSRQ 3C279 with H.E.S.S. II
  Romoli, C. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
  
• Extragalactic Observations with HESS: Past and Future
  Taylor, A.M. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
  
• Signature of Inverse Compton emission from blazars
  Gaur, H. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
  
• A Steady-State Spectral Model For Electron Acceleration And Cooling In Blazar Jets: Application To 3C 279
  Lewis, T.R. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
  
• Suborbital Fermi/LAT Analysis of the Brightest Gamma-Ray Flare of Blazar 3C 454.3
  Nalewajko, K., ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
  
• Hard X-ray properties of NuSTAR blazars
  Bhatta, G. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
  
• Polarization angle swings in blazars: The case of 3C 279
  Kiehlmann, S. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2016) [LINK]
  
• Gamma-Gamma Absorption in the Broad Line Region Radiation Fields of Gamma-Ray Blazars
  Boettcher, M. and Els, P., ArXiv e-prints p (2016) [LINK]
  
• Lepto-Hadronic Origin of Gamma-ray Outbursts of 3C 279
  Paliya, V.S. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2016) [LINK]
  
• Minute-Timescale >100 MeV gamma-ray variability during the giant outburst of quasar 3C 279 observed by Fermi-LAT in 2015 June
  The Fermi-LAT Collaboration, ArXiv e-prints p (2016) [LINK]
  
• Modelling the multi-wavelength emission of flat-spectrum radio quasar 3C 279
  Zheng, Y.G. and Yang, C.Y., MNRAS 457 p3535-3540 (2016) [LINK]
  
• Fast 3C 279 gamma flares by a merging medium size black hole jet aligned to the AGN one by tidal torque?
  Fargion, D. and Oliva, P., ArXiv e-prints p (2016) [LINK]
  
• Spectral and Polarization Signatures of Relativistic Shocks in Blazars
  Boettcher, M., Galaxies 4 p22 (2016) [LINK]
  
• Probing the gamma-ray variability in 3C279 using broadband observations
  Rani, B. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2016) [LINK]
  
• 3C 279 in Outburst in June 2015: A Broadband-SED Study Based on the INTEGRAL Detection
  Bottacini, E. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2016) [LINK]
  
• Target of Opportunity observations of blazars with H.E.S.S.
  Cerruti, M. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2016) [LINK]
  
• A hadronic minute-scale GeV flare from quasar 3C 279?
  Petropoulou, M. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2016) [LINK]
  
• Multi-wavelength observations of 3C 279 during the extremely bright gamma-ray flare in 2014 March-April
  Paliya, V.S. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2015) [LINK]
  
• Rapid Variability of Blazar 3C 279 during Flaring States in 2013-2014 with Joint Fermi-LAT, NuSTAR, Swift, and Ground-Based Multi-wavelength Observations
  Hayashida, M. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2015) [LINK]
  
• Parameter constraints in a near-equipartition model with multi-frequency NuSTAR, Swift and Fermi-LAT data from 3C 279
  Yan, D. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2015) [LINK]
  
• An Emerging Class of Gamma-Ray Flares from Blazars: Beyond One-Zone Models
  Tavani, M. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2015) [LINK]
  
• Formation of very hard electron and gamma-ray spectra of flat spectrum radio quasar in fast-cooling regime
  Yan, D. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2015) [LINK]
  
• Monitoring of GAmma-ray Bright AGN : The Multi-frequency Polarization of the Flaring Blazar 3C 279
  Kang, S. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2015) [LINK]
  
• A hard gamma-ray flare from 3C 279 in 2013 December
  Paliya, V.S. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2015) [LINK]
  
• Dynamic changes of emitting electron distribution in the jet of 3C 279: signatures of acceleration and cooling
  Yan, D. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2015) [LINK]
  
• Constraining the extension of a possible gamma-ray halo of 3C 279 from 2008-2014 solar occultations
  Kotelnikov, E. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2014) [LINK]
  
• Blazar Anti-Sequence of Spectral Variation within individual Blazars: Cases for Mrk 501 and 3C 279
  Zhang, J. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2013) [LINK]
  
• VHE gamma-ray emission from the FSRQs observed by the MAGIC telescopes
  Lindfors, E. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2013) [LINK]
  
• Gamma-Ray Blazars near Equipartition and the Location of the Gamma-Ray Emission Site in 3C 279
  Dermer, C.D. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2013) [LINK]
  
• MAGIC observations and multifrequency properties of the Flat Spectrum Radio Quasar 3C 279 in 2011
  The MAGIC Collaboration et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2013) [LINK]
  
• Searches for very high energy gamma rays from blazars with CANGAROO-III telescope in 2005-2009
  Mizumura, Y. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2012) [LINK]
  
• Synchrotron Emission from VHE Gamma-Ray Induced Pair Cascades in AGN Environments
  Roustazadeh, P. and Boettcher, M., ArXiv e-prints p (2012) [LINK]
  
• The Structure and Emission Model of the Relativistic Jet in the Quasar 3C 279 Inferred from Radio to High-energy Gamma-Ray Observations in 2008-2010
  Hayashida, M. et al., ApJ 754 p114 (2012) [LINK]
  
• Multiwavelength Spectral Study of 3C 279 in the Internal Shock Scenario
  Joshi, M. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2012) [LINK]
  
• MAGIC observations and multiwavelength properties of the quasar 3C279 in 2007 and 2009
  The MAGIC Collaboration et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2011) [LINK]
  
• Time Variability Analysis of the SMARTS Monitoring of Fermi Blazars
  Chatterjee, R. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2011) [LINK]
  
• 3C 279 in an Optical Faint State
  Miller, H.R. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2011) [LINK]
  
• Study of the variability of Blazars gamma-ray emission
  Sbarrato, T. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2011) [LINK]
  
• Flaring Patterns in Blazars
  Paggi, A. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2011) [LINK]
  
• Rapid optical variability of TeV blazars
  Gopal-Krishna et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2011) [LINK]
  
• Multiple synchrotron self-Compton modeling of gamma-ray flares in 3C 279
  Türler, M. and Björnsson, C.-I., ArXiv e-prints p (2011) [LINK]
  
• Modelling the VHE flare of 3C 279 using one zone leptonic model
  Sahayanathan, S. and Godambe, S., ArXiv e-prints p (2011) [LINK]
  
• Overview of the results from extra-galactic observations with the MAGIC telescopes
  Berger, K. and for the MAGIC Collaboration, ArXiv e-prints p (2011) [LINK]
  
• Review of canonical scenarios of gamma-ray jet emission from recent HE-VHE observations of 3C279 with MAGIC
  Berger, K. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2011) [LINK]
  
• Parsec-Scale Behavior of Blazars during High Gamma-Ray States
  Jorstad, S. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2011) [LINK]
  
• Is the Universe More Transparent to Gamma Rays Than Previously Thought?
  Stecker, F.W. and Scully, S.T., ApJ 691 pL91-L94 (2009) [LINK]
  
• A new light boson from MAGIC observations?
  Roncadelli, M. et al., Nuclear Physics B Proceedings Supplements 188 p49-52 (2009) [LINK]
  
• Absorption of 10 GeV-1 TeV Gamma Rays from 3C 279
  Bai, J.M. et al., ApJ 699 p2002-2008 (2009) [LINK]
  
• Implications of Bulk Velocity Structures in AGN Jets
  Yang, J. et al., PASJ 61 p1153- (2009) [LINK]
  
• The Stellar Contribution to the Extragalactic Background Light and Absorption of High-Energy Gamma Rays
  Razzaque, S. et al., ApJ 697 p483-492 (2009) [LINK]
  
• AGILE observation of a gamma-ray flare from the blazar 3C 279
  Giuliani, A. et al., A&A 494 p509-513 (2009) [LINK]
  
• Optical Variability of the Quasar 3C 279: The Signature of a Decelerating Jet?
  Boettcher, M. and Principe, D., ApJ 692 p1374-1381 (2009) [LINK]
  
• Very-High-Energy gamma rays from a Distant Quasar: How Transparent Is the Universe?
  MAGIC Collaboration, Albert, J. et al., Science 320 p1752- (2008) [LINK]
  
• Correlated Multi-Wave Band Variability in the Blazar 3C 279 from 1996 to 2007
  Chatterjee, R. et al., ApJ 689 p79-94 (2008) [LINK]
  
• Discovery of very high energy gamma-rays from the flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 279 with the MAGIC telescope
  Errando, M. et al., 1085 p423-426 (2008) [LINK]
  
• Implications of the VHE Gamma-Ray Detection of 3C279
  Boettcher, M., 1085 p427-430 (2008) [LINK]
  
• Modification of the gamma-ray spectra by internal absorption in optically violently variable blazars: the example cases of 3C 273 and 3C 279
  Sitarek, J. and Bednarek, W., MNRAS 391 p624-638 (2008) [LINK]
  
• Absorption of 10-200 GeV Gamma Rays by Radiation from Broad-Line Regions in Blazars
  Liu, H.T. and Bai, J.M., ApJ 653 p1089-1097 (2006) [LINK]
  

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