| Canonical Name: | M 82 |
| TeVCat Name: | TeV J0955+696 |
| Other Names: | NGC 3034 |
| Source Type: | Starburst |
| R.A.: | 09 55 52.7 (hh mm ss) |
| Dec.: | +69 40 46 (dd mm ss) |
| Gal Long: | 141.41 (deg) |
| Gal Lat: | 40.57 (deg) |
| Distance: | 3900 kpc |
| Flux: | 0.009 (Crab Units) |
| Energy Threshold: | 700 GeV |
| Spectral Index: | 2.5 |
| Extended: | No |
| Discovery Date: | 2009-07 |
| Discovered By: | VERITAS |
| TeVCat SubCat: | Default Catalog |
Source Notes:
This detection was announced by VERITAS at the
31st ICRC in Lodz
with details following in
VERITAS Collaboration (2009)..
Source position and its uncertainty:
- The position provided in TeVCat comes from
NED:
- From
Jackson et al. (2007):
- R.A. (J2000): 09h 55m 52.725s
- Dec. (J2000): +69d 40m 45.78s
Flux and Spectral Properties:
From
VERITAS collaboration (2025):
- "These data are best fit by a power-law function with a photon index
of 2.3 +/- 0.3(stat) +/- 0.2(sys), with flux normalization
(7.2 +/- 1.2stat +/- 1.4sys) x10e-14 cm-2 s-1 at 1.4 TeV, in the
energy range from 200 GeV to 5 TeV"
- "The observed gamma-ray flux from M 82 is F(>450 GeV) is
(3.2 +/- 0.6stat +/- 0.6sys) x10e-13 cm-2 s-1 . This corresponds to
approx. 0.4% of the Crab Nebula flux above the same threshold"
From
VERITAS Collaboration (2009):
- "At a flux of 0.9% of that observed from the Crab Nebula, M 82 is
among the weakest VHE sources ever detected."
- "The observed differential VHE gamma-ray spectrum is best fitted
using a power-law function with a photon index of:"
... 2.5 +/- 0.6 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)
- "The measured gamma-ray flux is:"
... 3.7 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.7 (syst) x10e-13 cm-2 s-1 above 700 GeV
- "no flux variations are observed"
- "The luminosity of M 82 above 700 GeV inferred from the gamma-ray
flux is 2 x 10e32 W, or about 2 x 10e6 times smaller than its far
infrared luminosity (
Sanders et al., 2003)"
Distance:
From
Sakai & Madore (1999):
- "M82 lies at a distance of 3.9 +/- 0.3 (random) +/- 0.3 (syst) Mpc"
- this corresponds to a redshift of z = 0.00068 (H0 = 67.8 km/sec/Mpc, Omega_m = 0.308, Omega_v = 0.692)
(from
NED)
- and to a distance of approximately 12 million light years from Earth
Seen by: VERITAS
-
An in-depth study of Gamma rays from the Starburst Galaxy M 82 with VERITAS
Acharyya, Atreya et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2501.09998 (2025) [LINK]
-
GRB 231115A -- a magnetar giant flare in the M82 galaxy
Minaev, P. Yu. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2402.08623 (2024) [LINK]
-
UHECR Signatures and Sources
Fargion, Daniele et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2303.08922 (2023) [LINK]
-
Origin of the diffuse 4-8 keV emission in M82
Iwasawa, K. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2303.09637 (2023) [LINK]
-
Properties of Dense Molecular Gas along the Major Axis of M82
Li, Fei et al., ApJ 933 p139 (2022) [LINK]
-
Particle acceleration and multi-messenger emission from starburst-driven galactic winds
Peretti, Enrico et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2104.10978 (2021) [LINK]
-
The strength and structure of the magnetic field in the galactic outflow of M82
Lopez-Rodriguez, Enrique et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2102.03362 (2021) [LINK]
-
The Physics of Galactic Winds Driven by Cosmic Rays I: Diffusion
Quataert, Eliot et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2102.05696 (2021) [LINK]
-
Prospects of newly detecting nearby star-forming galaxies by the Cherenkov Telescope Array
Shimono, Naoya et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2103.08287 (2021) [LINK]
-
Gamma-Rays from Star Forming Activity Appear to Outshine Misaligned Active Galactic Nuclei
Blanco, Carlos and Linden, Tim, arXiv e-prints parXiv:2104.03315 (2021) [LINK]
-
Gamma-Rays from Star Forming Activity Appear to Outshine Misaligned Active Galactic Nuclei
Blanco, Carlos and Linden, Tim, arXiv e-prints parXiv:2104.03315 (2021) [LINK]
-
Anisotropies of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays in a scenario with nearby sources
Mollerach, Silvia and Roulet, Esteban, arXiv e-prints parXiv:2111.00560 (2021) [LINK]
-
Magnetically Induced Anisotropies in the Arrival Directions of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays from Nearby Radio Galaxies
de Oliveira, Caina and de Souza, Vitor, arXiv e-prints parXiv:2112.02415 (2021) [LINK]
-
Modeling of Cosmic-Ray Production and Transport and Estimation of Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Emissions in Starburst Galaxies
Ha, Ji-Hoon et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2008.06650 (2020) [LINK]
-
High-energy processes in starburst-driven winds
Muller, Ana Laura et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2006.12259 (2020) [LINK]
-
The Gamma-ray Emission of Star-Forming Galaxies
Ajello, M. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2003.05493 (2020) [LINK]
-
Evidence for UHECR origin in starburst galaxies
Anchordoqui, Luis A. and Soriano, Jorge F., arXiv e-prints parXiv:1905.13243 (2019) [LINK]
-
Cosmic Rays and Magnetic Fields in the Core and Halo of the Starburst M82: Implications for Galactic Wind Physics
Buckman, Benjamin J. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:1908.09824 (2019) [LINK]
-
Cosmic ray transport in starburst galaxies
Krumholz, Mark R. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:1911.09774 (2019) [LINK]
-
Contribution of starburst nuclei to the diffuse gamma-ray and neutrino flux
Peretti, Enrico et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:1911.06163 (2019) [LINK]
-
Cosmic ray transport and radiative processes in nuclei of starburst galaxies
Peretti, E. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2018) [LINK]
-
Where are UHECR originated ?
D-Fargion, ArXiv e-prints p (2018) [LINK]
-
Ultrahigh energy cosmic rays from nearby starburst galaxies
Attallah, R. and Bouchachi, D., ArXiv e-prints p (2018) [LINK]
-
High-energy gamma-ray and neutrino production in star-forming galaxies across cosmic time: Difficulties in explaining the IceCube data
Sudoh, T. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2018) [LINK]
-
Are Starburst Galaxies Proton Calorimeters?
Wang, X. and Fields, B.D., ArXiv e-prints p (2016) [LINK]
-
Starburst galaxies as seen by gamma-ray telescopes
Ohm, S., ArXiv e-prints p (2016) [LINK]
-
The Radio-Gamma Correlation In Starburst Galaxies
Eichmann, B. and Becker Tjus, J., ArXiv e-prints p (2015) [LINK]
-
The Possible Extragalactic Source of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays at the Telescope Array Hotspot
He, H.-N. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2014) [LINK]
-
GeV Observations of Star-forming Galaxies with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
Ackermann, M. et al., ApJ 755 p164 (2012) [LINK]
-
Properties of nearby Starburst Galaxies Based on their Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission
Paglione, T.A.D. and Abrahams, R.D., ApJ 755 p106 (2012) [LINK]
-
Ancient Pulsar Wind Nebulae in light of recent GeV and TeV observations
Tibolla, O. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2011) [LINK]
-
High-energy emission from star-forming galaxies
Persic, M. and Rephaeli, Y., ArXiv e-prints p (2011) [LINK]
-
High Energy Gamma-ray Absorption and Cascade Emission in Nearby Starburst Galaxies
Inoue, Y., ArXiv e-prints p (2010) [LINK]
-
Investigating the Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate Near the Supernova Remnant IC 443 Through H3+ Observations
Indriolo, N. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2010) [LINK]
-
On The GeV & TeV Detections of the Starburst Galaxies M82 & NGC 253
Lacki, B.C. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2010) [LINK]
-
Discovery of VHE Gamma-ray Emission from the Starburst Galaxy M82
Karlsson, N. and for the VERITAS collaboration, ArXiv e-prints p (2009) [LINK]
-
Model analysis of the very high energy detections of the starburst galaxies M82 and NGC 253
de Cea del Pozo, E. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2009) [LINK]
-
Detection of Gamma-Ray Emission from the Starburst Galaxies M82 and NGC 253 with the Large Area Telescope on Fermi
Fermi LAT Collaboration and Abdo, A.A., ArXiv e-prints p (2009) [LINK]
-
A connection between star formation activity and cosmic rays in the starburst galaxy M 82
VERITAS Collaboration, Nature (2009) [LINK]
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the TeVCat Team
